Internet Marketing: Tips And Strategies For Success | Internet ...

Many people are hoping for success in the world of Internet business, so it is important to create a strategy that works and is unique. If you do not do this you may just fail as a business. Keep reading for the Internet marketing best practices.

Creating internal links which include keywords is another good SEO practice. You should keep customers on your page for as long as possible by providing them links to fresh content. Keep your audience engaged through internal linking that can boost your site?s search rankings.

You need to create a great site before worrying about getting it ranked. Building a great website is the first essential step in web business. The easier your site is to navigate and operate, the less tweaking you?ll need to do in the future.

When considering advertising your site, evaluate the different ways you can go about that. There are several methods to attract more business including developing a blog, posting on several social networking sites and word of mouth. There are a lot different tactics to draw business. You need to get creative.

The advertisement of your product should always be positive and inspiring. Concentrate on the value your product or service will add to their life. Tell them how it will make their life better. The more you focus on what they want out of the product, and how your product delivers that, the more buys you will have.

It is essential to invest some time into learning web design. CSS and HTML are a few of the key things to learn to begin designing websites; you can find information about these, and other components of web design, on the Internet. Commit at least a half hour each day to learn the basics and soon you will have enough web design knowledge.

A great way to advertise on the Internet and get your business noticed is with video marketing. Putting videos on your page or blog will grab the attention of customers. An interesting title and a unique picture will grab the attention of potential clients and possibly produce sales.

The more ways you offer to take payments, the simpler it is for customers to purchase items on your site. Not everyone has credit cards or even a bank account, so offering another option can help increase your sales.

Look at this great internet marketing tip. Be very clear with your customers that their information is completely safe with you. You should let your customers know you protect and respect their privacy by publishing a privacy policy. Your customers will be assured that the information that they give you is safe. They will be more likely to purchase what you?re selling if they know you are protecting their identity.

Emailing a catalog or a flyer with links for similar products is a good followup to customers who buy products or services from you. For example, if you run a site for books and they have bought a cookbook, send them links to all the other cookbooks you offer. You will see higher sales if you tailor your links or emails to customers? past purchases.

If you are already using internet marketing, you know which of your products are top sellers. Your next step should be to use them as flagpoles for additional sales. Centered around your big selling products, identify and advertise all complementary products. Any product that is complimentary to your main sellers will get a boost because they don?t require as much promotion as anything unrelated would.

While a few bells and whistles can enhance your site, avoid making it too busy or distracting. When someone comes to your website you have about five seconds to capture their attention and make them want to stay. If you can?t capture their attention during this very brief time period, they will click out of your site.

If you have a website that sells goods and services, then it is important that you invest in third-party security for financial transactions. There are a lot of trusted security services. They assure that the problems with the financial transaction re minimal. This service will cost money, but it?s one of the costs of doing business safely.

A good internet marketing tip is to be aware of your competition. You can check your competition?s site to see what they have. You can also investigate their traffic stats and compare them to your site.

Knowledge of your competitors is one of the keys to successfully marketing your business. If you?re aware of what the competition is selling and how they are selling it, you can tweak your own products and services so that your offerings are superior. This is a key component in Internet marketing.

Fill your website with a wide range of descriptive, evocative words. Adjectives, used intelligently, will improve the item descriptions featured on your site. Think up your own adjectives and jargon, and surprise people with your clever interpretations. Your customers will want to come back just for your content!

After reading these tips, you should have a better idea of what makes an Internet marketing campaign successful. With dedication and diligence, you can adopt practices that will inevitably result in improved customer relationships, higher sales, and more favorable recognition in the business world

Internet Marketing, SEO

_________________________________________
Here are some other Internet Marketing/SEO related sites that I would like to share with you.
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FreeCustomWebsite.com Announces Internet Marketing Services ...
SEO Expert Tips - Internet Marketing
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Resources in the Yahoo! Directory
Re occurrence encyclopedia topics | Reference.com
Search-Engine-Marketing | Flickr - Photo Sharing!

Related posts:

1. Tips And Strategies Associated To Internet Marketing
2. Optimize Your Internet Marketing Strategies With These Tips
3. Helpful Tips For Successful Internet Marketing Strategies
4. Simple Tips To Make Your Internet Marketing Strategies Work
5. Tips That Seriously Improve Internet Marketing Success

Source: http://www.websitehostdirect.com/internet-marketing-tips-and-strategies-for-success/

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Why Aerobics Exercise is So Important | Internet Contents

Most people first think of how great they are going to look on the outside if they following an aerobics workout routine, and this is true it will give you an attractive, toned, and fit looking body, that people will admire and even envy.

The main motivation is not the external benefits but rather the internal health derived from a consistent cardio workout, which is coupled with good nutrition.

It has now been scientifically proven that a smoker who does regular and consistent cardio workouts exercises, is healthier than a none-smoker who don?t. This is not an endorsement of smoking of course, but to show how important exercise is for overall optimal health.

So what does aerobics do for my body?

Have a Heart

Well for starts it increases the blood flow hence the oxygen levels in the body, more oxygen means the body will become efficient in caring out its daily function. Increasing the heart rate during aerobics activity will build the muscles of the heart and over time the rest rate of your heart beat will be slower; this is because your heart has become much more efficient in pumping nutrient rich blood around the body, this decrease in heart rate during rest means less wear and tear on the heart.

Once the heart becomes more efficient due to consistent aerobics cardio, oxygen is transported around the body in more volume, more efficiently and this aerobics or oxygenated blood burns fat faster and more efficiently.

Regular aerobics workout will help prevent arteriosclerosis or heart disease and even prevent stroke by strengthening the heart muscle and keeping the arteries elastic and open, this will lower blood pressure and raise your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (good cholesterol) and lower your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (bad cholesterol).

Aerobics workout does not burn cholesterol the way we know it burns fat, but what it does is stimulate the blood?s cholesterol levels and lower LDL (bad) cholesterol, triglycerides and increase HDL (good) cholesterol.

Your Brain Will Thank You

Regular cardio vascular workouts such as aerobics increases the ?brain-derived neurotrophic factor? (BDNF). BDNF is believed to play a key role in the regulation of mood. BDNF also help brain cells and neurotransmitters live longer, so exercise can prevent dementia.

Another major chemical produces from the amino acid L-tryptophan in the brain is serotonin or (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). This hormone is a neurotransmitter in the brain and influences a lot of different brain functions. Regular aerobics activity is shown to increase the serotonin levels in the brain.

Serotonin is a critical chemical produces by the brain and influences control over appetite, memory and learning, mood, behavior, depression, sleep, endocrine regulation, temperature regulation, sex drive or the lack there of, cardiovascular function, and muscle contraction. Regular aerobics exercise is key in maintaining proper levels of this very important chemical.

Workout for Your Bone

like muscles bones are alive and ever changing, either for the better or the worst. Aerobics exercise strengthen bones just like it does muscles, stronger bones will reduce your risk of small fracture and weakening of your skeletal structure as you get older, which could lead to osteoporosis. Regular exercise also serves to lubricate the joints and reduce inflammation and prevent arthritis. So increase your bone?s strength and mass with some cardio.

Aerobics for Immunity

It has been shown that regular cardio workouts strengthens the immune system and enable it to fight off sickness and infection. The increased aerobic activity serves to expel airborne viruses and bacteria from the lungs before they have a chance to invade. Rapid blood flow throughout the body and the action of sweating during a workout also rid the body of toxins and certain carcinogens. Built up waste mater is excreted through the sweat glands and urination. That?s why proper hydration is important during a workout.

Antibodies and white blood cells are used by the immune system to fight invaders, regular exercise activities helps to circulate and distribute these fighters throughout the body, reducing the risk of infection and sickness.

So Strengthen, tune and tone your body with aerobics workout exercises, both on the outside but most importantly on the inside.

Staying fit and healthy is not a Fad but rather a lifestyle,

Steve Robertson

Steve Robertson is the owner of the website http://www.stepaerobicsdvds.com and is a health and fitness consultant and blogger. Visit his site to review his top pick of aerobics dvds online and to find the best prices for workout videos.

Content About : Why Aerobics Exercise is So Important Article

-- Download Why Aerobics Exercise is So Important as PDF --

Source: http://www.econtentz.com/contents/health-and-fitness/aerobics-cardio/why-aerobics-exercise-is-so-important/

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British GENES (British Genealogy News and Events): Kent records ...

FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org) has added two new collections for Kent, as sourced from Kent History and Library Centre in Maidstone.

The collections are:

• England, Kent, Workhouse Records, 1777-1911
• England, Kent, Register of Electors, 1570-1907

The unfortunate news is that the collections can only be browsed at a family history centre, and not from home. For details of local centres visit?https://familysearch.org/locations

John Reid on the?Anglo-Celtic Connections?blog has posted details of another resource for Kent, at?http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mrawson/, with various free to access resources.

Chris

Scottish Research Online - 5 weeks online Pharos course, ?45.99, taught by Chris Paton from 26 SEP 2012 - see www.pharostutors.com
New book: It's Perthshire 1866 - there's been a murder... www.thehistorypress.co.uk/products/The-Mount-Stewart-Murder.aspx?(from June 12th 2012)

Source: http://britishgenes.blogspot.com/2012/09/kent-records-on-familysearch.html

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Fiat confirms Italy plants will produce U.S. cars

MILAN/ROME (Reuters) - Fiat SpA confirmed on Tuesday plans to have its Italian factories make cars to be sold outside Europe, particularly in the United States, as it looks to counter a five-year slump in European sales.

Fiat, which also runs Chrysler Group LLC in the United States, would not say which models it intends to produce in Italy for the U.S. market. Analysts have said that the models would likely be Jeeps and Chryslers.

This would mark the first time that Fiat's Italian plants have produced cars for the United States. The automaker has been making the Fiat 500 subcompact for the U.S. market at a Chrysler plant in Mexico.

Fiat's chief executive, Sergio Marchionne, said on Tuesday that Italy and Europe could no longer be considered the only end markets for the automaker.

"We can and we must think of the car sector in Italy in a different way, refocus it, so that it becomes an important production centre for exports outside Europe," Marchionne said in a speech to workers in Turin. "In our case, that means above all the United States."

Fiat had already said after a meeting over the weekend between Marchionne and Prime Minister Mario Monti that its idled Italian factories should be geared for exports outside Europe, where demand for cars is weak because of a debt crisis and economic downturn.

The U.S. car market is growing, and Chrysler plants are running at full capacity.

Marchionne also said that Fiat cannot do everything alone, and he called on Italian and European authorities to help manufacturers become more competitive in global markets.

He said the European Central Bank should make it easier to obtain credit and the EU Commission should make sure that free trade agreements did not favour the Japanese and South Korean automotive industry.

Brussels must also guarantee a level playing fields for all car makers, repelling attempts by German producers "to create conditions that are more favorable to their own industry, at the expense of others," he said.

Marchionne has long accused rival Volkswagen AG of contributing to a "bloodbath" among carmakers by waging a price war in Europe and ramping up production at a time when the continent faces huge overcapacity.

PRESSURE

Fiat, which has been managing Chrysler since a 2009 U.S. government-led bankruptcy restructuring, owns 61.8 percent of the U.S. group.

In the past three years, Chrysler's turnaround has made it the biggest income generator for the combined group, contributing more than two-thirds of total profit.

Fiat expects to lose 700 million euros ($907.37 million) in Europe this year, and Marchionne is under pressure in Italy to explain how it can keep its factories there open when car sales in the country have plunged to their lowest level in 40 years.

Fiat has effectively abandoned plans to pour 16 billion euros ($20.6 billion) into its Italian factories, putting investments on hold until it sees signs of a market rebound. It has also idled production lines in Italy and left workers at home on reduced pay for extended periods to keep a lid on costs.

Unions and analysts have said that it was difficult to see how Marchionne could make those plants, currently running at around 50 percent capacity, produce cars for the U.S. market if he keeps delaying investments.

No details about models, production volume or the time frame for the export plan have been provided by the company.

"The feeling is that the wait-and-see attitude will lead to Fiat losing market share," said a union source attending a meeting with the government on Tuesday evening.

Unions are particularly worried about Mirafiori, Fiat's flagship Turin plant, where they say a promised 1 billion-euro investment is on hold despite plans to build a small Fiat-branded sports utility vehicle (SUV) at the end of 2013 and a small Jeep SUV in the second quarter of 2014.

Worried about possible job losses at Fiat's plants, the Italian government is considering tax or other incentives to help exports, Industry Minister Corrado Passera said on Monday. But Rome is already struggling to cut public spending in the face of the debt crisis, and its room for manoeuvre is limited.

In his speech, intended to rally staff in Italy behind him, Marchionne said he was aware that his frequent trips to the United States might have created fear among Fiat's 20,000 Italian employees that they were being "abandoned."

He said his commitment toward Fiat remained unchanged, and told local staff to ignore critics who have accused the company of disengaging from its home country. His words were at times almost bitter.

"Sometimes I have asked myself if it's worth it. I have asked myself if it makes sense to do things for a country that does not appreciate them, hopes that a foreign investor will do a miracle and paints us as incompetent exploiters," he said.

(Reporting by Silvia Aloisi and Jennifer Clark in Milan and Alberto Sisto in Rome; editing by Pravin Char and Matthew Lewis)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fiat-confirms-italy-plants-produce-u-cars-213642537--sector.html

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Effective Estate Management And Minimizing Tax Burden | Money ...

Effective estate planning is vital as ineffective management of your estate can lead to higher taxes and ultimately, higher tax burden.

There are many professionals out there that can help you manage your estate to make sure that whenever your fortune is passed to your family, they are able to reap the maximum benefits out of it instead of getting entangled in heaps of taxes.

Irrespective of the kind of life you are living or your relationship status, if you are interested in finding out more about effective estate management and how to avoid heavy taxation, here are a few tips:

Planning Is Important

Many wealthy individuals tend to spend their entire fortune in their lifetime and think of estate management as a waste of time. Lacks of planning is suitable for those who are single and like a lavish lifestyle. For instance, if you are 50 years of age, have a lot of money and no wife/husband and kids, lack of planning won?t harm you in any way.

However, if you do have a family to think about, estate planning should be on the top of your agenda. Estate management or planning is not a waste of time and it will help your family to a great extent.

Reducing Your Tax Liability

If you want to reduce your tax liability, give some of your assets to irrevocable trusts. If you give up the choice of making changes to irrevocable trusts, the choice will be permanent and you cannot go back. You might be given this choice by an estate planning attorney for many reasons. However, once some of your assets are taken away (which were previously linked to your real estate), your tax liability will drop and ultimately, you will owe fewer taxes to the state.

Set Up A Living Trust

A married couple can go for the option of setting up a living trust in order to avoid paying few of the most known and common taxes. Setting up a living trust is not difficult as you can get all the guidance you need to do so by sitting down with an attorney and doing some research.

An advantage of this trust is that it is revocable unlike the one mentioned before. A revocable trust gives you the option of getting rid of the agreement you signed before to set up the trust if something happens. However, once you change the agreement or opt out of the trust, your tax liability will increase.

Today on New Scientist: 24 September 2012

3D scan tracks unborn chimp's brain for the first time

Watch the first ultrasound images of the brain developing in a chimp fetus

Virtuoso cartoon pianist plays just like the real thing

An algorithm designed to make computer-generated hands play piano far more realistically lets the fingers scamper across the keys just like a human player's

Capturing the finest light show on the planet

The sky is lit up by the glorious Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, when charged particles from space collide with atoms in our high atmosphere

What is this thing called love? Mere chemical trickery

In The Chemistry Between Us, neuroscientist Larry Young and journalist Brian Alexander examine the neurobiological roots of love

Animals are conscious and should be treated as such

Now that scientists have belatedly declared that mammals, birds and many other animals are conscious, it is time for society to act, says Marc Bekoff

Can geoengineering avert climate chaos?

From sunshades to algal blooms, there are plenty of ideas for cooling the planet. But are there hidden dangers? Stephen Battersby investigates

Tiniest trickle will speed all-electronic lab-on-a-chip

Filling a cup from this tap would take 40,000 years - but luckily its remit isn't quenching thirst

Block egg suicide to guard fertility after cancer therapy

Targeting proteins that make an egg self-destruct when damaged can help mice stay fertile and produce healthy offspring after radiation exposure

Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/23c415c7/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cshortsharpscience0C20A120C0A90Ctoday0Eon0Enew0Escientist0E240Esept0E10Bhtml0DDCMP0FOTC0Erss0Gnsref0Fonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Madonna calls Obama a 'Black Muslim'

By Rolling Stone.com

Maybe it was a slip of the tongue or maybe it was misguided sarcasm, but?Madonna?called President Obama a "black Muslim" Monday night at a tour stop in Washington D.C. in what otherwise resembled a message of support.

After praising Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr., Madonna turned her attention to Obama, saying, "It is so amazing and incredible to think that we have an African-American in the White House!" But the pop star didn't stop there. "So y'all better vote for (expletive) Obama, OK? For better or for worse, all right, we have a black Muslim in the White House, OK?" she said. "It means there is hope in this country. And Obama is fighting for gay rights, OK? So support the man, (dammit)!"

You can watch her speech below. Warning -- she does use some adult language.

More from Rolling Stone:

Related content:

Source: http://entertainment.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/25/14098317-madonna-calls-obama-a-black-muslim-at-washington-dc-tour-stop?lite

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Pork Carnitas ? Hungry Hannah

Lately I?ve had a huge craving for Mexican food. My mouth is still sensitive from having my wisdom teeth removed, but finally feeling good enough to eat soft foods. Carnitas is a Spanish word meaning ?little meats?. Typically pork or beef is used, and is braised or slow-cooked until it is fall-apart tender and moist. I?ve been on a pork kick lately, so I decided to use pork.

The meat is delicious enough to eat on its own, but I was in the mood for tacos, so I served mine in a soft tortilla loaded up with fresh salsa, veggies, a sprinkle of cheese, and cilantro. This dish was partially inspired by a little Mexican restaurant near my boyfriend Dan?s house. They serve up fresh, authentic Mexican dishes for alarmingly low prices. My favorite is their pork tacos, topped with fire-roasted tomato salsa and pickled red cabbage (which is surprisingly delicious!) They are so good they don?t even need cheese or sour cream ? the flavors stand out on their own.

I recently purchased a slow cooker and the first thing I made in it was pulled pork. I actually prepared the pork for these carnitas the same way ? dry-rubbed with various spices, drenched in some Worcestershire sauce, and cooked at a low temperature for about 8 hours. Typically the meat for carnitas is first browned in a frying pan before entering the cooking pot, but? since my teeth and gums are still fairly sensitive, I decided to skip that step.

Though this recipe has a lot of ingredients and steps, don?t be afraid! It is really as simple as adding seasoned meat to your slow cooker and letting it cook for hours. The meal basically cooks itself and is surprisingly easy, but oh so tasty. The meat is so tender you can barely pick it up without it falling apart, and is sweet, smoky, and a little bit spicy. The great thing about this cut of meat is that, while it is on the fattier side, it?s incredibly inexpensive ? only $2.50 a pound. Using my grocery store savings card, I paid under $8 for the whole 4 pounds!

Pork Carnitas
serves 8-10

Prep time: 15 minutes
Cook time: 8 hours

Ingredients:

• 1 4 lb. pork butt (or pork shoulder ? it?s often referred to as the butt, but actually comes from the pig?s shoulder)
• 1/2 yellow onion, sliced
• Dry rub:
  • 2 Tbsp light brown sugar
  • 1 tsp garlic powder
  • 1 tsp cumin
  • 1 tsp chili powder
  • 1/2 tsp paprika
  • 1/2 tsp chipotle pepper powder
  • 1/2 tsp salt
• Cooking sauce:
  • 1/4 cup Worcestershire sauce
  • 1/4 cup apple cider vinegar
  • 1/4 cup barbecue sauce (optional)
• For the tacos:
  • flour or corn tortillas
  • fresh lime juice
  • To top: salsa or diced tomato, avocado, shredded cheese, peppers, onion, cilantro, etc.
  

  Grab your slab of meat. Notice how inexpensive it is?

  

  For the dry rub (plus brown sugar)

  

  For the cooking sauce

Directions:

1. First, prepare your dry rub by measuring out the spices and combining them in a small bowl. Mix well.
2. In a separate bowl, combine Worcestershire sauce, apple cider vinegar, and bbq sauce.
3. To prepare the meat, remove from package and cut into 4-6 large chunks. If your cut has a bone (mine did), don?t get rid of it! The bone adds tons of flavor. Just cut around it, leaving some meat on it. I like to try to remove as much of the visible fat as possible, but it?s okay to leave some on because you can remove it after it?s cooked.
4. Gently rub the spices into the meat. Place sliced onion on bottom of slow cooker, and then pile meat on top. Pour cooking liquid on top of meat and around perimeter of slow cooker.
5. Set your slow cooker on low for 8 hours. I like to set mine on high for 2 hours then turn it down to low for the remaining 6 hours, but if you?re busy or working, you can omit that step.
6. After 8 hours, your meat should be very tender and cooked throughout. If it?s not, cook for another hour or so. Carefully remove the chunks of meat from the slow cooker and onto a platter. Using 2 forks, shred the meat into small pieces. You may also want to discard any large remaining chunks of fat at this point, and the bone.
7. If a large amount of juice has accumulated inside the crock, you may want to remove some so that it?s not swimming. I removed about half of the liquid and kept the rest.
8. Prepare your tacos by serving the meat over warmed tortillas with a healthy squirt of fresh lime juice and pile with your favorite toppings. Serve immediately.

cut your meat into large chunks

Prepare your dry rub

After covering meat in dry rub, place into crock pot along with sliced onion, cooking sauce, and 2 bay leaves

After cooking for 8 hours, your meat will look like this.

Remove the meat from the crock pot and shred with a fork, discarding the bone, bay leaves, and any extra fat.

Pile the meat onto a warmed tortilla with your favorite toppings and enjoy!

?

Source: http://hungryhannahs.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/pork-carnitas/

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Gilbert Melendez Injured, September 29th Strikeforce Event ...

Now this is getting a bit ridiculous.

Last minute injuries have begun to take their toll on the sport of mixed martial arts.?The UFC?was forced to cancel their first event ever at UFC 151 due to Dan Henderson?s eleventh hour injury earlier this month.?UFC 153, which is scheduled to take place in Brazilon October 13th,?was totally ravaged?due to injuries sustained by featherweight champion Jose Aldo and UFC star Quinton ?Rampage? Jackson.

Strikeforce showed that it was not immune to the?rampant?injury bug either as?news broke out last week that Frank Mir was forced to pull out of his heavyweight headline against Daniel Cormier on November 3rd.

Unfortunately for fans, the plague is not over yet as Strikeforce just released a statement indicating that Gilbert Melendez is also hurt and will not be able to defend his title on Saturday, September 29th in Sacramento.

The organization?posted this?press release earlier today:

STRIKEFORCE? announced this evening that its event planned for Saturday, Sept. 29 at Power Balance Pavilion inSacramento,Calif.has been cancelled. STRIKEFORCE lightweight champion Gilbert Melendez, who was set to defend his title against Pat Healy, sustained an injury in training that forced his withdrawal from the card.

Without the Melendez-Healy title bout, SHOWTIME?, which determines which fights are televised on the premium network, decided that it would not air Saturday?s scheduled event.

?When SHOWTIME informed us that it would not be airing the event, we made the difficult decision to cancel Saturday?s card inSacramento,? STRIKEFORCE CEO Scott Coker said. ?Without a television partner, we simply could not move forward with this event. We wish Gilbert a speedy recovery and will work diligently and quickly to reschedule the fighters affected by this news on upcoming cards.?

This string of injuries is undoubtedly the worst that the sport has ever seen andt remains to be seen whether or not?injuries and the subsequent cancellations?or subpar?replacement events?will impact the sports popularity going forward.

What do you think? Are you getting sick of the injuries?

Did you enjoy this article? If so, we?d love to hear your thoughts in the comments below. It would be great if you subscribed to our RSS feed, followed us on Twitter or liked us on Facebook. There?s lots more where this came from! If you're interested in writing for us, feel free to submit an application.Hot Stories From Around The Web

Source: http://wegotthiscovered.com/news/gilbert-melendez-injured-september-29-strikeforce-event-cancelled/

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U.S. Speedskater Admits To Tampering With Opponent's Skates, Says Abusive Coach Ordered Him [U.S. Speed Skating]

We introduced you to U.S. Speed skating coach Jae Su Chun last week in a story about tormenting members of his own team. Turns out Chun is also a jerk to athletes not on his roster. U.S. speedskater Simon Cho, in an arbitration filing earlier this week, says he tampered with Canadian speed skater Oliver Jean in the world championships in Poland last year, as ordered by Chun.

The arbitration document alleges Chun asked Cho to tamper with the skates of Canadian Oliver Jean before the final of the 5,000-meter relay. Canada was only able to field three skaters in the relay because of a problem with Jean's blades.

In July 2012, Cho told a fellow American skater, "I know I have done (expletive) up things. I wish I could take them back. But I can't. ... And I'm preparing myself for the consequences to come."

Two days earlier, Cho had said to a fellow skater, "Everyone knew Jae Su was the mastermind behind the situation at the World Teams."

Jae Su Chun has denied the abuse claims against him and U.S. Speedskating has since placed him on administrative leave.

U.S. speedskater was ordered to tamper rival's skates [Detroit Free Press; AP]

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/deadspin/full/~3/PuoZUalKIbQ/us-speedskater-admits-to-tampering-with-opponents-skates-says-abusive-coach-ordered-him

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Ohio State ranked No. 56 on best college list

After a drop in the ranking of best colleges, some Ohio State students and faculty said they don?t think the rankings influence prospective students much.

OSU dropped one spot to No. 56 in ?U.S. News & World Report?s? recently released list of the 2013 best colleges in the nation.

Within the 281 national universities on ?U.S. World & News Report?s? list, five Big Ten colleges were ranked higher than OSU. Northwestern University, The University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, Penn State, and University of Illinois were placed at No. 12, No. 29, No. 41, and a tie for No. 46, respectively.

The three highest ranked universities on the national list were Harvard, Princeton and Yale.

OSU is tied at No. 56 with Northeastern University in Boston.

Dolan Evanovich, the vice president for strategic enrollment planning, said despite various shifts in OSU?s ranking in the past, application numbers have grown to more than 28,000 applications from 16,000 to 17,000 applications in previous years.

?In any given year, your ranking could go up one or two spaces or down one or two space,? Evanovich said. ?So in the big scheme of things, you just have to keep it in perspective.?

The factors that measure academic quality for the rankings include peer assessment, retention and graduation of students, faculty resources, student selectivity, financial resources, alumni giving and graduation rate performance, according to ?U.S. News and World Report?s? website, The data for the list was gathered in winter 2011, spring 2012 and summer 2012.

Evanovich said students typically focus their decision on the quality and cost of different universities.

According to the ?U.S. News & World Report? ranking summary for each university, Northwestern charges $43,779 in tuition and fees per academic year, Michigan charges $13,437 for in-state students and $39,109 for out-of-state students, and Wisconsin?s in-state tuition is $10,384 and $26,634 for out-of-state.

Penn State?s tuition for an academic year is $16,444 in-state and $28,746 for out-of-state, and Illinois charges $14,428 in-state and $28,570 for out-of-state. OSU?s tuition is $10,037 for in-state students and $25,445 for out-of-state students.

Evanovich said while he feels the rankings are not necessarily ignored by students, they are not usually the main focus.

?I think it is something families consider initially, maybe early in the process,? Evanovich said. ?But when they make their decision to apply or to enroll, it?s more based on the strength of the academic program and the opportunities students have when they are here and when they graduate.?

Joe Wille, a first-year in biology from Michigan, chose OSU based on the atmosphere rather than its specific ranking.

?I think it would look better to graduate from a higher school, but I think anything in the top 100 would be a very good school,? Wille said.

Sarah ModicBradley, a second-year in business, said she personally took the rankings into consideration.

?I definitely wanted to go to a school that had a high ranking, not some unknown college, so I did pick it based off that,? ModicBradley said. ?I mean, I applied to all schools in Ohio, so Ohio State was definitely the highest ranked.?

Source: http://www.thelantern.com/campus/ohio-state-ranked-no-56-on-best-college-list-1.2907499

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Forum Jump

Source: http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=1450450&goto=newpost

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PFT: Chad Johnson pleads no contest, avoids jail

Getty Images

Now that free-agent receiver Chad Johnson has pleaded no contest to charges of domestic violence, Johnson is subject to discipline under the personal-conduct policy.

But a source with knowledge of the procedure explains to PFT that Johnson likely won?t be disciplined until he returns to the NFL.

That said, if a team is interested in signing him and wants to know if he is facing a suspension, a decision could be made prior to Johnson signing a contract.

If Johnson had been issued a suspension before he was cut by the Dolphins, he could have served the suspension while unemployed.? Not that he?s unemployed but has yet to be officially suspended, the league apparently isn?t inclined to suspend him until he has a team.

Regardless of how it all plays out, the current posture could make it harder for Johnson to get a job with another NFL team.? Since he?s still a member of the union, he should push the league to issue a punishment regardless of whether he?s on a team, so that if he?s suspended he can serve it before, not after, he signs a contract.

That said, it?s not clear Johnson would even be suspended.? The policy primarily is aimed at addressing repeat offenders.? Johnson is a first-time offender.? Given the nature of the offense, however, the NFL could decide to take action.

Either way, it would be fair to Johnson to make the decision as soon as possible, so that he and any interested teams will know his status.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/09/21/chad-johnson-pleads-no-contest-avoid-jail-time-at-ex-wifes-request/related/

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Facebook posts in hostage case worry police

2 hrs.

AP staff , AP

Pittsburgh?police said they had serious concerns when an armed man took a business owner hostage in a downtown high-rise office building ? and not just because he had a knife.

The suspect, 22-year-old Klein Michael Thaxton, made Facebook posts during the five-hour ordeal Friday, authorities said, and they feared that responses from friends, family and others might goad him into violence.

In the end, police say, Thaxton surrendered peacefully and released businessman Charles Breitsman.

Now police believe that Thaxton might have chosen Breitsman because he spotted a smartphone and computer in his office and saw a high-profile opportunity to express himself on the social networking site, Chief Nathan Harper said.

Thaxton was arraigned early Saturday on felony charges of kidnapping, aggravated assault and making terroristic threats. He remains jailed on $1 million bail.

Harper said authorities might never know the reason Thaxton decided to take a hostage.

"We will leave that to the mental professionals to figure that out and get the man some help," Harper said. Thaxton will automatically receive a mental health review because of the charges.

Thaxton told police he left a halfway house about 3 a.m. Friday carrying a kitchen knife, hammer, cellphone and charger. After meandering through various neighborhoods, Thaxton arrived downtown at about 7 a.m. and briefly considered attacking two separate traffic officers with the hammer so he could steal their guns, police said.

"It makes me feel powerful when I have a gun," Harper said Thaxton told police.

Deciding he might get shot in the process, Thaxton instead sat and munched on a candy bar and noticed women streaming into a 24-story high-rise, police said. Without any particular goal, Thaxton took an elevator to two upper floors, found he couldn't get around without an electric key card and went down to the 16th floor.

That's where Thaxton saw the financial firm CW Breitsman Associates and the owner's name on the door. He also saw a smartphone, TV and computer and "felt this was the office where he needed to be," Harper said.

Except for the electronics, Thaxton's choosing the office was "totally random," Harper said, noting Thaxton didn't know Breitsman or his firm, which handles union pensions and insurance funds.

Police initially believed Thaxton had a gun because he told police negotiators he was going to shoot the victim. Instead, he threatened Breitsman with the knife, sat across a table from him breathing threats and, otherwise, used Breitsman's phone and computer to post mostly forlorn Facebook messages, police said.

"i cant take it no more im done bro," said one post.

"this life im livin rite now i dnt want anymore," another post said. "ive lost everything and I aint gettin it back."

Thaxton has been in legal trouble in recent months, pleading guilty in January to robbery for a carjacking last year. That crime was apparently on his mind, Harper said, because his carjacking victim was a woman and Thaxton told police the only other reason he picked Breitsman was that "he didn't want to victimize another female."

Thaxton was sentenced to six to 12 months in jail by the county's newly established court to help veterans with mental health and substance abuse issues. It wasn't immediately clear how Thaxton's service record contributed ? if at all ? to his mental health problems because he never saw active duty.

Instead, records show Thaxton served as a private in the U.S. Army from December 2008 to June 2010. The Army said he trained at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri before being assigned to Fort Riley in Kansas.

Whatever the motivation, Thaxton felt a need to call attention to his feelings through Facebook and told police he watched coverage of the hostage situation on his victim's TV.

Initially, police wanted the Facebook page kept open, hoping to gain useful information, but they later asked Facebook to take it down so that Thaxton could focus on conversations with police negotiators.

Most of the 700 or so responses to Thaxton's posts were from friends or family expressing their love. But a few were "ridiculous" and others were "outright distasteful," Harper said. Police were still sifting through them Friday, but Harper said any posters who authorities determine urged Thaxton to harm Breitsman or himself could eventually face charges, too.

Thaxton eventually told police negotiators he wanted to speak with an ex-girlfriend whom he hadn't seen since 2008. After shutting down the Facebook page and getting the woman on the phone to speak with Thaxton, he surrendered peacefully.

Breitsman was interviewed by detectives at police headquarters but left through a back door to avoid the media. He didn't return calls to his home Friday. Harper said the man was doing fine though "quite shaken."

Facebook didn't comment on the hostage-taking but referred reporters to a Web page that says it sometimes shares information with law enforcement if necessary to "prevent imminent bodily harm" to someone.

Some of the social network's nearly 1 billion users boast about their criminal exploits on Facebook, making it easier for law enforcement to catch them. Just last month, a woman charged with posing as a nurse and kidnapping a newborn at a Pittsburgh hospital was tracked down using messages she posted about her faked pregnancy on Facebook.

In Thaxton's case, Facebook didn't completely explain his actions nor would he as he was led past reporters at police headquarters.

Instead he grinned and ignored their questions saying, "I can't hear you, bro."

Joe Mandak wrote this story;?Associated Press writers Kevin Begos in Pittsburgh and Michael Rubinkam contributed to this report. AP Technology writer Barbara Ortutay and AP news researcher Jennifer Farrar contributed from New York.

Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/facebook-posts-hostage-case-worry-police-1B6047330

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Guinea: Ethnic riots spread in capital

CONAKRY, Guinea (AP) ? Anti-riot police on Friday dispersed protesters in the Medina market of Guinea's capital, after a riot broke out between sellers from the Peul and Malinke ethnic groups, the two largest ethnicities in the country, according to witnesses.

By afternoon, the riots had spread to other parts of the city and in Peul-dominated areas of the capital, residents were stopping taxis and yanking out Malinke passengers. There are similar reports in Malinke areas, where Peul passengers were suddenly not being allowed in.

In this country of around 11 million people, the Peule make up about 40 percent of the population and the Malinka 30 percent, according to U.S. State Department figures.

Tensions between the two groups have been running high ever since the 2010 presidential election, which was won by Malinke politician Alpha Conde. He defeated a Peul candidate, and the vote was overwhelmingly carried out along ethnic lines. Since coming to power, Conde is accused of favoring his ethnic group in appointments to government ministries, all the way down to the guards and janitors.

On Friday, an AP reporter saw police fire tear gas to try to break up the protesters at the Medina market. The two ethnic groups carry out different activities in the market, with the Malinke concentrated in the area selling spare automobile parts, while the Peul sell clothes and food.

Moussa Yero Diallo, a Peul, said he saw cars being stopped all along Prince Boulevard, the main thoroughfare that bisects the predominantly-Peul suburbs of Bambeto, Cosa and Enco-5 in Conakry.

"On the axis Bambeto to Cosa and all the way to Enco-5, youths are demonstrating and are blocking taxis and saying that only the Peul passengers can travel on Prince road. If you are not Peul, you are forced to get out of the car. They say they are doing this because they have been told that Malinke youths are blocking vehicles on the freeway, where they are forcing Peul passengers to get out and are stealing their things," said Diallo, who lives near the intersection of Prince Boulevard and Bambeto.

Oumar Diallo, who is also Peul, said that he was forced to get out of the communal taxi he was riding in.

"This morning near the Medina market, I was in a taxi when they recognized that I am a Peul. A bunch of youths speaking the Malinke language told me to get down. They hit me, they stole my money and my phone. I thought I was going to get lynched by these Malinke youths, who are hunting down Peul," said Diallo.

Guinea won its independence from France in 1958, and was under the hold of successive strongmen until the 2010 election, considered the first democratic vote in the country's history. The vote was widely praised by the international community, despite the ethnic fault line that became evident during riots leading up the vote, and in protests following the announcement of Conde's victory.

The country has one of the world's largest supplies of bauxite, the raw material used to make aluminum, as well as reserves of gold and virgin stands of timber. It's often cited as an example of Africa's "resource curse," because its rich mineral wealth contrasts with the endemic poverty of its people.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/guinea-ethnic-riots-spread-capital-131123866.html

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1 killed in prophet protests in Pakistan

PESHAWAR, Pakistan (AP) ? Pakistani police opened fire on rioters who were torching a cinema during a protest against an anti-Islam film Friday, killing one man on a holiday declared by the government so that people could demonstrate against the video.

Mohammad Amir, a driver for a Pakistani television station, was killed when bullets hit his vehicle in the northwest city of Peshawar, said Kashif Mahmood, a reporter for ARY TV who was also sitting in the car at the time. The TV channel showed footage of Amir at the hospital as doctors tried to save him. It also showed the windshield of the vehicle, shattered by several gunshots.

The film denigrating the Prophet Muhammad has sparked unrest in many parts of the Muslim world over the past 10 days, and the deaths of at least 31 people, including the U.S. ambassador to Libya, have been linked to the violence. Much of the anger has been directed at the U.S. government even though the film was privately produced in the U.S. and American officials have criticized it for insulting Muslims.

Pakistan has experienced nearly a week of violent rallies against the film in which three people have died. The government declared Friday to be a national holiday and encouraged people to protest peacefully.

Police could not immediately be reached for comment about the death of Amir.

The cinema where police opened fire was one of two in Peshawar that several hundred protesters ransacked and set ablaze. A similar number of protesters also torched a toll booth on the outskirts of the capital, Islamabad. Police fired tear gas at the angry crowds in both cities.

On Thursday, the government was forced to call in army troops to protect the capital after more than 2,000 stone-throwing demonstrators tried to reach the U.S. Embassy inside a guarded enclave that houses foreign missions and government offices. Security was tight in Islamabad again Friday, as police set up scores of shipping containers to prevent protesters from reaching the diplomatic enclave.

The government also blocked cell phone service in 15 major cities, including Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, to prevent militants from using phones to detonate bombs during the protests, said an Interior Ministry official, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the media. Service is scheduled to be restored at 6 p.m. local time, he said.

U.S. officials have struggled to explain to the Muslim world how they strongly disagree with the anti-Islam film but have no ability to block it because of the freedom of speech in the country.

Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf called on the international community Friday to pass laws to prevent people from insulting the Prophet Muhammad, saying "an attack on the holy Prophet is an attack on the core belief of 1.5 billion Muslims."

"If denying the Holocaust is a crime, then is it not fair and legitimate for a Muslim to demand that denigrating and demeaning Islam's holiest personality is no less than a crime?" Ashraf said during a speech to religious scholars and international diplomats in Islamabad.

Denying the Holocaust is a crime in Germany, but not in the U.S.

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad also lashed out at the West over the film and the publication of caricatures of the prophet by a French satirical weekly.

"In return for (allowing) the ugliest insults to the divine messenger, they ? the West ? raise the slogan of respect for freedom of speech," said Ahmadinejad during a speech at a military parade in the capital, Tehran.

He said this explanation was "clearly a deception."

The U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, in a bid to tamp down public rage over the film, is spending $70,000 to air an ad on Pakistani television that features President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton denouncing the video. Their comments, which are from previous public events in Washington, are in English but subtitled in Urdu, the main Pakistani language.

In Indonesia, the U.S. closed its diplomatic missions Friday due to demonstrations over the film. Small and mostly orderly protests were held outside the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta and in the cities of Surabaya and Medan. No violence was reported.

In Germany, the Interior Ministry said it was postponing a poster campaign aimed at countering radical Islam among young people due to heightened tensions caused by the online video insulting Islam. It said posters for the campaign ? in German, Turkish and Arabic ? were meant to go on display in German cities with large immigrant populations on Friday but are now being withheld because of the changed security situation.

The ministry said the campaign will continue online and in selected magazines.

Germany is home to an estimated 4 million Muslims and authorities have become concerned about home-grown Islamic extremists.

__

Associated Press writer Munir Ahmed in Islamabad and Nasser Karimi in Tehran, Iran, contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/1-killed-prophet-protests-pakistan-093811510.html

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Oilers, Flames players say lockout is illegal

Winnipeg Jets Andrew Ladd, left, and New York Islanders Travis Hamonic, center, battle for the puck during an informal hockey practice in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. The league locked out its players at last weekend, its fourth shutdown since 1992. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, John Woods)

Winnipeg Jets Andrew Ladd, left, and New York Islanders Travis Hamonic, center, battle for the puck during an informal hockey practice in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. The league locked out its players at last weekend, its fourth shutdown since 1992. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, John Woods)

Washington Capitals star forward Alexander Ovechkin, of Russia, enters the rink before the Continental Hockey League, or KHL, ice hockey match between Dynamo Moscow and Dynamo Minsk, in Moscow on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. Ovechkin has returned to his former Russian team Dynamo Moscow during the NHL lockout. The KHL team said in a statement Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012, that they have signed the Capitals star to a contract that lasts until the lockout ends. (AP Photo/Alexei Bezzubov, KHL)

Winnipeg Jets' Bryan Little, left, handles the puck during an informal hockey practice in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. The league locked out its players at last weekend, its fourth shutdown since 1992. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, John Woods)

EDMONTON, Alberta (AP) ? Lawyers for players on the Edmonton Oilers and Calgary Flames are trying to have the NHL lockout declared illegal under Alberta law.

The NHL has argued before the Alberta Labour Relations Board that a league spanning two countries cannot operate under different laws for each team.

About a half dozen players attended the hearing, including Oilers forward Sam Gagner, goaltender Devan Dubnyk and veteran Ryan Smyth.

The lockout began last weekend and some players are already signing with European teams for the season. There have been no formal talks between the two sides since Sept. 12. Training camps were to have opened Friday. The league has already canceled preseason games through Sept. 30.

NHLPA lawyer Bob Blair told the panel that the two teams are Alberta businesses, so provincial labor laws must be followed.

"No one gets to choose what labor laws apply to them in this province," Blair said. "The law is the law is the law."

He said players from the Oilers and Flames never agreed to forgo their rights under the Alberta Labour Code.

"It applies to every employer and employee," he said. "That is the starting point."

NHL lawyer Peter Gall pointed out that 23 of the 30 teams are in the United States and work under the same rules because labor laws there are federally regulated.

"So all of the players on all of the teams have been included in one bargaining unit," Gall said. "The NHLPA has never bargained with individual teams. It has only bargained with the NHL."

Bill Daly, the league's deputy commissioner, told the panel there has never been individual bargaining between players and their teams. He said it's important all teams operate under the same rules.

Blair countered by saying the way the league and union operated in the past is irrelevant.

It's unclear what might follow if the board were to rule in favor of the NHLPA's request, but Daly said he couldn't imagine the fallout if that were to happen.

"It would be extremely destabilizing to how we do business and how we conduct this sports league," he said. "I don't know how we would proceed in the face of separate units in Alberta."

Last week, players from the Montreal Canadiens launched a similar case in Quebec. The labor board there turned down their request for a temporary injunction against the lockout, but also ruled that more hearings are needed to make a final decision on the application. No date for those hearings has been set.

The two sides remain far apart on key economic issues.

The NHL believes too much money is being paid in salaries and has proposed a system to address it. Its most recent offer called for the players' share in revenue to be set at 49 percent next season ? down from 57 percent in the deal that expired last weekend ? and proposed that it drops to 47 percent by the end of the six-year deal.

The union tabled an offer in which the salary cap would be set to fixed increases of 2 percent, 4 percent and 6 percent over the next three years. The system would then revert to a percentage-based system for the final two years.

"Everybody wants to play," Tampa Bay Lightning coach Guy Boucher said Friday night at the Toronto-Tampa Bay baseball game "Everybody wants to get going. There's goodwill on both sides. I'm sure they'll find a way, and hopefully it's quick. I have faith the players and owners, that they'll find a way. ... I'd be a liar to say that I'm not afraid. I'm staying very positive."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-09-21-HKN-NHL-Labor/id-57371ce15fe24b4fb2525d509aa47d60

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Fiona Apple Arrested For Hashish

Fiona Apple has been arrested for hashish possession at a border crossing in the state of Texas. You could say that is borderline "Criminal" behavior.

Sierra Blanca, Tex., is quickly becoming the celebrity mugshot capital of the world, with Willie Nelson, Snoop Dogg, Armie Hammer and now Fiona.

Here's Apple's booking photo taken after her bus was searched:

Officials found hashish, or hash, a strong form of cannabis, on Apple's tour bus. Cops say that the 35-year-old was also in possession of a small amount of weed.

Apple was arrested for possession and is currently being held at Hudspeth County Jail.

What she needs is a ... wait for it ... [fill in the blank in the comments]

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/09/fiona-apple-arrested-for-hashish/

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Egypt: Militants call army raid 'barbaric'

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Nutrient in eggs and meat may influence gene expression from infancy to adulthood

Public release date: 20-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Emily Boynton
emily_boynton@urmc.rochester.edu
585-273-1757
University of Rochester Medical Center

Implications for wide range of disorders - hypertension to mental health problems

Just as women are advised to get plenty of folic acid around the time of conception and throughout early pregnancy, new research suggests another very similar nutrient may one day deserve a spot on the obstetrician's list of recommendations.

Consuming greater amounts of choline a nutrient found in eggs and meat during pregnancy may lower an infant's vulnerability to stress-related illnesses, such as mental health disturbances, and chronic conditions, like hypertension, later in life.

In an early study in The FASEB Journal, nutrition scientists and obstetricians at Cornell University and the University of Rochester Medical Center found that higher-than-normal amounts of choline in the diet during pregnancy changed epigenetic markers modifications on our DNA that tell our genes to switch on or off, to go gangbusters or keep a low profile in the fetus. While epigenetic markers don't change our genes, they make a permanent imprint by dictating their fate: If a gene is not expressed turned on it's as if it didn't exist.

The finding became particularly exciting when researchers discovered that the affected markers were those that regulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or HPA axis, which controls virtually all hormone activity in the body, including the production of the hormone cortisol that reflects our response to stress and regulates our metabolism, among other things.

More choline in the mother's diet led to a more stable HPA axis and consequently less cortisol in the fetus. As with many aspects of our health, stability is a very good thing: Past research has shown that early exposure to high levels of cortisol, often a result of a mother's anxiety or depression, can increase a baby's lifelong risk of stress-related and metabolic disorders.

"The study is important because it shows that a relatively simple nutrient can have significant effects in prenatal life, and that these effects likely continue to have a long-lasting influence on adult life," said Eva K. Pressman, M.D., study author and director of the high-risk pregnancy program at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "While our results won't change practice at this point, the idea that maternal choline intake could essentially change fetal genetic expression into adulthood is quite novel."

Pressman, who advises pregnant women every day, says choline isn't something people think a lot about because it is already present in many things we eat and there is usually no concern of choline deficiency. Though much more research has focused on folate functionally very similar to choline and used to decrease the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida a few very compelling studies sparked her interest, including animal studies on the role of choline in mitigating fetal alcohol syndrome and changing outcomes in Down syndrome.

A long-time collaborator with researchers at Cornell, Pressman joined a team led by Marie Caudill, Ph.D., R.D., professor in the Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell, in studying 26 pregnant women in their third trimester who were assigned to take 480 mg per day, an amount slightly above the standard recommendation of 450 mg per day, or about double that amount, 930 mg per day. The choline was derived from the diet and from supplements and was consumed up until delivery.

The team found that higher maternal choline intake led to a greater amount of DNA methylation, a process in which methyl groups one carbon atom linked to three hydrogen atoms are added to our DNA. Choline is one of a handful of nutrients that provides methyl groups for this process. The addition of a single methyl group is all it takes to change an individual's epigenome.

Measurements of cord blood and samples from the placenta showed that increased choline, via the addition of methyl groups, altered epigenetic markers that govern cortisol-regulating genes. Higher choline lessened the expression of these genes, leading to 33 percent lower cortisol in the blood of babies whose mom's consumed 930 mg per day.

Study authors say the findings raise the exciting possibility that choline may be used therapeutically in cases where excess maternal stress from anxiety, depression or other prenatal conditions might make the fetal HPA axis more reactive and more likely to release greater-than-expected amounts of cortisol.

While more research is needed, Caudill says that her message to pregnant women would be to consume a diet that includes choline rich foods such as eggs, lean meat, beans and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. For women who limit their consumption of animal products, which are richer sources of choline than plant foods, she adds that supplemental choline may be warranted as choline is generally absent in prenatal vitamin supplements.

"One day we might prescribe choline in the same way we prescribe folate to all pregnant women," notes Pressman, the James R. Woods Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. "It is cheap and has virtually no side effects at the doses provided in this study. In the future, we could use choline to do even more good than we are doing right now."

###

In addition to Pressman and Caudill, several scientists and clinicians from the Division of Nutritional Science and the Statistical Consulting Unit at Cornell and the Cayuga Medical Center in Ithaca, N. Y., participated in the research. The study was funded by the Egg Nutrition Center, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the Nebraska Beef Council, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the President's Council of Cornell Women. The funding sources had no role in the study design, interpretation of the data, or publication of the results.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 20-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Emily Boynton
emily_boynton@urmc.rochester.edu
585-273-1757
University of Rochester Medical Center

Implications for wide range of disorders - hypertension to mental health problems

Just as women are advised to get plenty of folic acid around the time of conception and throughout early pregnancy, new research suggests another very similar nutrient may one day deserve a spot on the obstetrician's list of recommendations.

Consuming greater amounts of choline a nutrient found in eggs and meat during pregnancy may lower an infant's vulnerability to stress-related illnesses, such as mental health disturbances, and chronic conditions, like hypertension, later in life.

In an early study in The FASEB Journal, nutrition scientists and obstetricians at Cornell University and the University of Rochester Medical Center found that higher-than-normal amounts of choline in the diet during pregnancy changed epigenetic markers modifications on our DNA that tell our genes to switch on or off, to go gangbusters or keep a low profile in the fetus. While epigenetic markers don't change our genes, they make a permanent imprint by dictating their fate: If a gene is not expressed turned on it's as if it didn't exist.

The finding became particularly exciting when researchers discovered that the affected markers were those that regulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or HPA axis, which controls virtually all hormone activity in the body, including the production of the hormone cortisol that reflects our response to stress and regulates our metabolism, among other things.

More choline in the mother's diet led to a more stable HPA axis and consequently less cortisol in the fetus. As with many aspects of our health, stability is a very good thing: Past research has shown that early exposure to high levels of cortisol, often a result of a mother's anxiety or depression, can increase a baby's lifelong risk of stress-related and metabolic disorders.

"The study is important because it shows that a relatively simple nutrient can have significant effects in prenatal life, and that these effects likely continue to have a long-lasting influence on adult life," said Eva K. Pressman, M.D., study author and director of the high-risk pregnancy program at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "While our results won't change practice at this point, the idea that maternal choline intake could essentially change fetal genetic expression into adulthood is quite novel."

Pressman, who advises pregnant women every day, says choline isn't something people think a lot about because it is already present in many things we eat and there is usually no concern of choline deficiency. Though much more research has focused on folate functionally very similar to choline and used to decrease the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida a few very compelling studies sparked her interest, including animal studies on the role of choline in mitigating fetal alcohol syndrome and changing outcomes in Down syndrome.

A long-time collaborator with researchers at Cornell, Pressman joined a team led by Marie Caudill, Ph.D., R.D., professor in the Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell, in studying 26 pregnant women in their third trimester who were assigned to take 480 mg per day, an amount slightly above the standard recommendation of 450 mg per day, or about double that amount, 930 mg per day. The choline was derived from the diet and from supplements and was consumed up until delivery.

The team found that higher maternal choline intake led to a greater amount of DNA methylation, a process in which methyl groups one carbon atom linked to three hydrogen atoms are added to our DNA. Choline is one of a handful of nutrients that provides methyl groups for this process. The addition of a single methyl group is all it takes to change an individual's epigenome.

Measurements of cord blood and samples from the placenta showed that increased choline, via the addition of methyl groups, altered epigenetic markers that govern cortisol-regulating genes. Higher choline lessened the expression of these genes, leading to 33 percent lower cortisol in the blood of babies whose mom's consumed 930 mg per day.

Study authors say the findings raise the exciting possibility that choline may be used therapeutically in cases where excess maternal stress from anxiety, depression or other prenatal conditions might make the fetal HPA axis more reactive and more likely to release greater-than-expected amounts of cortisol.

While more research is needed, Caudill says that her message to pregnant women would be to consume a diet that includes choline rich foods such as eggs, lean meat, beans and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. For women who limit their consumption of animal products, which are richer sources of choline than plant foods, she adds that supplemental choline may be warranted as choline is generally absent in prenatal vitamin supplements.

"One day we might prescribe choline in the same way we prescribe folate to all pregnant women," notes Pressman, the James R. Woods Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. "It is cheap and has virtually no side effects at the doses provided in this study. In the future, we could use choline to do even more good than we are doing right now."

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In addition to Pressman and Caudill, several scientists and clinicians from the Division of Nutritional Science and the Statistical Consulting Unit at Cornell and the Cayuga Medical Center in Ithaca, N. Y., participated in the research. The study was funded by the Egg Nutrition Center, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the Nebraska Beef Council, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the President's Council of Cornell Women. The funding sources had no role in the study design, interpretation of the data, or publication of the results.

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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/uorm-nie092012.php

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